![]() ![]() It can be broken down by the enzyme lactase into glucose and galactose. 3.6.5 Explain the use of lactase in the production of lactose-free milk. 3.6.4 Define denaturation.ĭenaturation is changing the structure of an enzyme (or other protein) so it can no longer carry out its function. As long as there are active sites available, an increase in substrate concentration will lead to an increase in enzyme activity. However, at some point, all the active sites are taken up and so increasing the substrate concentration will have no more effect on enzyme activity. Both acid and alkali environments can denature enzymes.Įnzyme activity increases with an increase in substrate concentration as there are more random collisions between the substrate and the active site. As the pH diverges from the optimum, enzyme activity decreases. This is due to the heat causing vibrations within the enzyme destroying its structure by breaking the bonds in the enzyme.Įnzymes usually have an optimum pH at which they work most efficiently. However at a certain point the temperature gets to high and the enzymes denature and stop functioning. This is due to the molecules moving faster and colliding more often together. ![]() 3.6.3 Explain the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity.Įnzyme activity increases with an increase in temperature and usually doubles with every 10 degrees rise. The enzyme-substrate complex can be compared to a lock and key, where the enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key. This makes the enzyme very specific to it’s substrate. ![]() For a substrate to bind to the active site of an enzyme it must fit in the active site and be chemically attracted to it. This is called enzyme-substrate specificity. This results in enzymes being able to catalyze only certain reactions as only a small number of substrates fit in the active site. ![]() The active site of an enzyme is very specific to its substrates as it has a very precise shape. 3.6.2 Explain enzyme?substrate specificity. Chromosomes, genes, alleles & mutationsĮnzymes 3.6.1 Define enzyme and active site.Įnzymes: Globular proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions.Īctive site: Region on the surface of an enzyme to which substrates bind and which catalyses a chemical reaction involving the substrates. ![]()
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